MICROBIOLOGY AND SCOPE OF MICROBIOLOGY

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 DEFINITION

Microbiology often defined as the study of microorganisms, which cannot be seen clearly by the unaided eye. This includes eukaryotes such as fungi and protists, prokaryotes such as bacteria, algae and also viruses. some eukaryotic microbes are visible without microscope for example bread moulds and filamentous algae. Microbiology is concerned with their form, structure, reproduction, physiology, metabolism, and classification. It includes the study of their distribution in nature, their relationship to each other and other living organisms, the effects on human beings plant and animals.

SCOPE OF MICROBIOLOGY

• Microorganisms play such diverse roles; modern microbiology is near lodge discipline with mini different specialties.

• It has a great impact on fields such as medicine, agricultural, food sciences, ecology, genetics, biochemistry and molecular biology.

• Microbiology has both basic and applied aspects. The basic aspects are concerned with the biology of microorganisms and include such fields as bacteriology, virology, mycology, phycology or algology, protozoology, microbial cytology, microbial genetics, molecular biology, microbial ecology and microbial taxonomy.

• The applied aspects are concerned with practical problem such as disease, water and wastewater treatment, food spoilage, food production and industrial uses of microbes.

• It is important to note that the basic and applied aspects of microbiology are interwind.

• One of the most active and important fields in microbiology medical microbiology which deals with disease of humans and animals. Medical microbiologists identify the agents causing infectious disease and plan measure for their control and elimination.

Microbial genetics focus on the nature of genetic information and how it regulates the development and function of cells and organisms. The use of microorganisms has been very helpful in understanding gene structure and function. Microbial genetics play an important role in applied microbiology because they develop techniques that are useful in agricultural microbiology, industrial microbiology, food and dairy microbiology and medicine.

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